Chester A Arthur Biography, Presidency, Accomplishments, & Facts

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This landmark legislation established a system for appointing government officials based on merit rather than political connections. Arthur’s support for the Pendleton Act demonstrated his commitment to addressing the public’s concerns about corruption and inefficiency in government. Arthur’s ascent in politics began with his https://pad.karuka.tech/hgZjkKszQx2LlA-A8WS4LA/ involvement in the Republican Party, where he quickly became a prominent figure due to his connections and strategic acumen.

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This section delves into the assessment of Arthur’s presidency, his contributions to the Republican Party, and his enduring influence on American politics. In summary, Chester A. Arthur’s political career and presidency were characterized by a remarkable transformation from a Stalwart politician to a reform-oriented leader. His support for civil service reform, naval modernization, and a more balanced approach to immigration policy reflected his adaptability in a changing political landscape. Chester A. Arthur, the 21st president of the United States, left an indelible mark on American politics during his brief tenure following the assassination of James A. Garfield.

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Acting independently of party dogma, Arthur also tried to lower tariff rates so the Government would not be embarrassed by annual surpluses of revenue. The following year, a judge ruled that Black passengers had the same right to ride public transportation as their white counterparts. In his first major case, Lemmon v. New York, his firm successfully argued that, under state law, enslaved people became free when they arrived in New York.

Assessment of Arthur’s Presidency

Garfield’s assassination by a deranged office seeker amplified the public demand for civil service reform. In 1880, Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio introduced legislation that required selection of civil servants based on merit as determined by an examination. This legislation greatly expanded similar civil service reforms attempted by President Franklin Pierce 30 years earlier. In his first annual presidential address to Congress in 1881, Arthur requested civil service reform legislation and Pendleton again introduced his bill, but Congress did not pass it.

Arthur rarely articulated his own political ideas during his time as a part of the machine; as was common at the time, loyalty and hard work on the machine’s behalf was more important than actual political positions. He joined other young Whigs in support of Henry Clay, even participating in a brawl against students who supported James K. Polk during the 1844 United States presidential election. Arthur also supported the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish republican organization founded in America; he showed this support by wearing a green coat. He was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity, and as a senior he was president of the debate society and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.

• In Lemmon v. New York, Culver argued that, as New York law did not permit slavery, any slave arriving in New York was automatically freed.
• Nevertheless, Arthur’s memories of Ellen remained a poignant part of his life, influencing his actions and decisions within the political arena.
• Arthur was unable to convince Congress to adopt the idea during his administration but, in 1887, the Dawes Act changed the law to favor such a system.
• The allotment system was favored by liberal reformers at the time, but eventually proved detrimental to Native Americans as most of their land was resold at low prices to white speculators.

Murphy’s reputation as a war profiteer and his association with Tammany Hall made him unacceptable to many of his own party, but Conkling convinced the Senate to confirm him. Employees were required to make political contributions (known as “assessments”) back to the machine, which made the job a highly coveted political plum. Murphy’s unpopularity only increased as he replaced workers loyal to Senator Reuben Fenton’s faction of the Republican party with those loyal to Conkling’s. Arthur signed into law the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, which came as a surprise to reformers who held a negative opinion of Arthur as a Stalwart and product of Conkling’s organization. The reevaluation of his presidency highlights the importance of understanding the complexities of political legacy and the impact of individual leaders on the broader trajectory of national policy. The Chinese Exclusion Act and its implications continue to resonate in today’s political discourse, as issues of immigration remain contentious in American society.